Pointing pair
Within one box a digit can only go in squares that happen to lie in the same row (or column). Where in the box it goes you don’t know, but that it goes in that row you do — so outside the box that digit drops out of that row.
If the 4 in box 1 can only go in the top row, the 4 of that row is surely in box 1, and so no longer in box 2 or 3.
Box/line reduction
The same idea, the other way around: in this row (or column) a digit can only go in squares that all lie in one box. The row then claims that digit for that box, and it drops out of the rest of the box.
If the 4 in row 5 can only go in the three squares that lie in box 5, then the 4 of box 5 is in row 5 — and so not in the other two rows of that box.